Psalm 18 Speech Act
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Psalm 18/Speech Act
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YHWH fights my battles
Psalm 18
Please note: Resources for Psalm 18 are in the process of being reformatted for visual consistency and improved functionality.
Speech Act Analysis
The Speech Act layer presents the text in terms of what it does, following the findings of Speech Act Theory. It builds on the recognition that there is more to communication than the exchange of propositions. Speech act analysis is particularly important when communicating cross-culturally, and lack of understanding can lead to serious misunderstandings, since the ways languages and cultures perform speech acts varies widely.
For a detailed explanation of our method, see the Speech Act Analysis Creator Guidelines.
Summary Visual
| SPEAKER | VERSES | SPEECH ACT SECTIONS | ADDRESSEE | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| David | v. 1 For the director By YHWH's servant, David, who recited the words of this song to YHWH when YHWH had rescued him from the palm of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. | YHWH | ||||
| v. 2 And he said, “I shall keep loving you, YHWH, my strength. |
Profession of commitment and confidence |
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| v. 3 YHWH is my cleft and my fortress and my rescuer. My God is my rock, in him do I seek protection, my shield and horn of my deliverance, my fortified tower and my refuge, my deliverer, who delivers me from violence. | ||||||
| v. 4 I cry out to YHWH, since he is praiseworthy, and I am delivered from my enemies. | ||||||
| v. 5 The breaker waves of Death surrounded me. And the torrents of No Return began to overwhelm me. |
Recounting Past Distress |
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| v. 6 The cords of the World of the Dead entangled me. Death's traps rushed upon me. | ||||||
| v. 7 In my distress I cry out to YHWH. And to my God do I cry for help. He hears my cry from his temple. And my cry for help before him comes into his ears. |
Profession of confidence |
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| v. 8 And the earth quivered and quaked. And the mountains' foundations began to shake. And they trembled. For he had become angry. |
Recounting YHWH’s victory over his enemy |
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| v. 9 Smoke went up because of his snarl. And a fire from his mouth began to consume. Coals burned from him. | ||||||
| v. 10 And he bent down the heavens and descended. And a dark smog was beneath his feet. | ||||||
| v. 11 And he mounted a Cherub and began to fly. And he flew swiftly upon the wings of the wind. | ||||||
| v. 12 He made darkness his cover. [He made darkness] his canopy around him, the sieve of water, thick clouds of the skies. | ||||||
| v. 13 Because of the brightness before him, hail and coals of fire passed. | ||||||
| v. 14 And YHWH thundered in the heavens. And the Most High began to raise his voice. | ||||||
| v. 15 And he shot his arrows, and dispersed them. And [he shot his] glittering arrows, and routed them. | ||||||
| v. 16 And the ocean floor appeared. And the foundations of the world were revealed because of your rebuke, YHWH, because of the blast of the wind of your anger. | ||||||
| v. 17 He stretched forth his hand from on high and took me. He pulled me out from many waters. | ||||||
| v. 18 He rescued me from my strong enemy. And [he rescued me] from those who hate me. For they were too powerful for me. | ||||||
| v. 19 They rushed upon me at the time of my calamity. And YHWH was the one in whom I trusted. | ||||||
| v. 20 And he brought me out into relief. He delivered me. For he is pleased with me. | ||||||
| v. 21 YHWH deals well with me according to my righteousness. He repays me according to the cleanliness of my hands. |
Profession of confidence in David’s righteousness |
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| v. 22 For I have kept the ways of YHWH. And I have not turned from my God towards wicked ways. | ||||||
| v. 23 For all of his rules are before me. And I will not turn his decrees away from me. | ||||||
| v. 24 And I have become blameless before him. And I have kept myself from committing iniquity. | ||||||
| v. 25 And YHWH has repaid me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanliness of my hands before his eyes. | ||||||
| v. 26 You act faithfully with a faithful person. You act blamelessly with a blameless person. | ||||||
| v. 27 You act with purity with one who purifies himself. And with a twisted person you act wittily. | ||||||
| v. 28 For you save a humble people. And you bring down eyes that look down on others. | ||||||
| v. 29 For you light my lamp, YHWH. My God gives light to my darkness. | ||||||
| v. 30 For by you I can rout an army. And by my God I can scale a wall. | ||||||
| v. 31 God—His way is perfect. The sayings of YHWH are true. He is a shield to all those who take refuge in him. |
Recounting YHWH’s provision of strength and victory |
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| v. 32 For who is God besides YHWH? And who is a rock besides our God, | ||||||
| v. 33 the God who arms me with strength and makes my endeavor secure? | ||||||
| v. 34 He makes my feet like those of deer. And he causes me to stand upon my heights. | ||||||
| v. 35 He trains my hands for war. And he strengthens my arms with a bow of bronze. | ||||||
| v. 36 And you give me the shield of your victory. And your right hand supports me. And your help makes me great. | ||||||
| v. 37 You enlarged my steps underneath me. And my ankles did not falter. | ||||||
| v. 38 I chased my enemies and I overtook them. And I would not relent until their destruction. | ||||||
| v. 39 I violently beat them, and they could not stand. They fell beneath my feet. | ||||||
| v. 40 And so you armed me with strength for war. You make those who rise up against me kneel underneath me. | ||||||
| v. 41 And you have made my enemies retreat from me. And as for those who hate me, I wipe them out. | ||||||
| v. 42 They cry out for help, and there is no rescuer. [They cry out for help] to YHWH, and he has not answered them. | ||||||
| v. 43 And I crush them like the dust on the road. I beat them like the mud of the streets. | ||||||
| v. 44 You will deliver me from people's indictments. You will make me head of nations. A people I do not know will serve me. |
Praise for future strength and victory |
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| v. 45 As soon as they hear rumors of me they will show obedience to me. Foreigners will submit to me. | ||||||
| v. 46 Foreigners will lose heart and tremble from their fortresses. | ||||||
| v. 47 YHWH lives! And my rock is blessed! And the God of my rescue is exalted! | ||||||
| v. 48 God—who gives me vengeance, and subdues peoples underneath me. | ||||||
| v. 49 You who deliver me from my enemies will indeed exalt me over those who rise up against me. You will rescue me from the violent man. | ||||||
| v. 50 Therefore I shall praise you among the nations, YHWH! And I shall sing praise to your name, | ||||||
| v. 51 you who makes the deliverance of his king spectacular, and performs acts of loyalty for his anointed one, for David, and for his seed, forever.” |
Speech Act Analysis Chart
The following chart is scrollable (left/right; up/down).
| Verse | Hebrew | CBC | Sentence type | Illocution (general) | Illocution with context | Macro speech act | Intended perlocution (Think) | Intended perlocution (Feel) | Intended perlocution (Do) |
| Verse number and poetic line | Hebrew text | English translation | Declarative, Imperative, or Interrogative Indirect Speech Act: Mismatch between sentence type and illocution type |
Assertive, Directive, Expressive, Commissive, or Declaratory Indirect Speech Act: Mismatch between sentence type and illocution type |
More specific illocution type with paraphrased context | Illocutionary intent (i.e. communicative purpose) of larger sections of discourse These align with the "Speech Act Summary" headings |
What the speaker intends for the address to think | What the speaker intends for the address to feel | What the speaker intends for the address to do |
If an emendation or revocalization is preferred, that emendation or revocalization will be marked in the Hebrew text of all the visuals.
| Emendations/Revocalizations legend | |
|---|---|
| *Emended text* | Emended text, text in which the consonants differ from the consonants of the Masoretic text, is indicated by blue asterisks on either side of the emendation. |
| *Revocalized text* | Revocalized text, text in which only the vowels differ from the vowels of the Masoretic text, is indicated by purple asterisks on either side of the revocalization. |
| Verse | Text (Hebrew) | Text (CBC) | Sentence type | Illocution (general) | Illocution with context | Macro speech act | Intended perlocution (Think) | Intended perlocution (Feel) | Intended perlocution (Do) | Speech Act Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ | For the director | ||||||||||
| לְעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָ֗ה | By YHWH's servant, | |||||||||||
| לְדָ֫וִ֥ד | David, | |||||||||||
| אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּ֨ר ׀ לַיהוָ֗ה אֶת־דִּ֭בְרֵי הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את | who recited the words of this song to YHWH | |||||||||||
| בְּי֤וֹם הִֽצִּיל־יְהוָ֘ה אוֹת֥וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹ֝יְבָ֗יו וּמִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃ | when YHWH had rescued him from the palm of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. | |||||||||||
| 2 | וַיֹּאמַ֡ר | And he said, | ||||||||||
| אֶרְחָמְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה חִזְקִֽי׃ | “I shall keep loving you, YHWH, my strength. | Declarative | Commissive | Committing to continue to obey YHWH's commandments. | Expressing commitment to and confidence in YHWH. | Expressing commitment to and confidence in YHWH. | Praising God for rescuing David by strengthening David and ensuring David's continual reign. | YHWH will recognize David's commitment to keeping YHWH's commands. | YHWH will continue to love him as well. | YHWH will continue to provide David strength and protection. | On the specific meaning of “love” here, see the note in lexical semantics. | |
| 3 | יְהוָ֤ה ׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י | YHWH is my cleft and my fortress and my rescuer. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that YHWH will always protect him. | YHWH will recognize how much David trusts in him. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to protecting him and delivering him from danger. | YHWH will continue to provide David strength and protection. | ||||
| אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־בּ֑וֹ מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּי *וּמְנוּסִי מֹשִׁעִי מֵחָמָס תֹּשִׁעֵנִי׃* | My God is my rock, in him do I seek protection, my shield and horn of my deliverance, my fortified tower and my refuge, my deliverer, who delivers me from violence. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that YHWH will always protect him. | YHWH will recognize how much David trusts in him. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to protecting him and delivering him from danger. | YHWH will continue to provide David strength and protection. | |||||
| 4 | מְ֭הֻלָּל אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֑ה | I cry out to YHWH, since he is praiseworthy, | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that he can cry out to YHWH on account of YHWH being praiseworthy. | YHWH will recognize how much David trusts in him. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to always hearing he when cries out. | YHWH will continue to deliver David from distress whenever he cries out in the future. | ||||
| וּמִן־אֹ֝יְבַ֗י אִוָּשֵֽׁעַ׃ | and I am delivered from my enemies. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that YHWH will always hear him. | YHWH will recognize how much David trusts in him. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to always hearing when he cries out. | YHWH will continue to deliver David from distress whenever he cries out in the future. | Note that the verb, translated here with the English simple present, is habitual. That is, he is always delivered. This habitual action contributes to the illocution of expressing confidence (David knows he will be delivered), rather than simply asserting a fact. Note also that the Addressee is YHWH, which also makes it less likely that his goal is the transfer of information. | ||||
| 5 | אֲפָפ֥וּנִי *מִשְׁבְּרֵי*־מָ֑וֶת | The breaker waves of Death surrounded me. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting past distress. | Recounting past distresses to illustrate the need to trust God. | Recounting past distresses to illustrate the need to trust God. | YHWH will remember times when he was in distress. | YHWH will feel stirred towards anger at whatever brings David distress but towards compassion and faithfulness for David. | YHWH will resolve to deliver him from future distresses. | ||
| וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י בְלִיַּ֣עַל יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃ | And the torrents of No Return began to overwhelm me. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting past distress. | YHWH will remember times when he was in distress. | YHWH will feel stirred towards anger at whatever brings David distress but towards compassion and faithfulness for David. | YHWH will resolve to deliver him from future distresses. | |||||
| 6 | חֶבְלֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל סְבָב֑וּנִי | The cords of the World of the Dead entangled me. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting past distress. | YHWH will remember times when he was in distress. | YHWH will feel stirred towards anger at whatever brings David distress but towards compassion and faithfulness for David. | YHWH will resolve to deliver him from future distresses. | ||||
| קִ֝דְּמ֗וּנִי מ֣וֹקְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת׃ | Death's traps rushed upon me. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting past distress. | YHWH will remember times when he was in distress. | YHWH will feel stirred towards anger at whatever brings David distress but towards compassion and faithfulness for David. | YHWH will resolve to deliver him from future distresses. | |||||
| 7 | בַּצַּר־לִ֤י ׀ אֶֽקְרָ֣א יְהוָה֮ | In my distress I cry out to YHWH. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his dependence on YHWH in times of distress. | Expressing confidence in YHWH. | Expressing confidence in YHWH. | YHWH will be reminded how YHWH characteristically hears David when he cries out. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to protecting him and delivering him from danger. | David wants YHWH to continue to hear him and respond to him whenever he cries out. | ||
| וְאֶל־אֱלֹהַ֪י אֲשַׁ֫וֵּ֥עַ | And to my God do I cry for help. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his dependence on YHWH in times of distress. | YHWH will be reminded how YHWH characteristically hears David when he cries out. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to protecting him and delivering him from danger. | David wants YHWH to continue to hear him and respond to him whenever he cries out. | |||||
| יִשְׁמַ֣ע מֵהֵיכָל֣וֹ קוֹלִ֑י | He hears my cry from his temple. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that YHWH will always hear him. | YHWH will be reminded how YHWH characteristically hears David when he cries out. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to protecting him and delivering him from danger. | David wants YHWH to continue to hear him and respond to him whenever he cries out. | |||||
| וְ֝שַׁוְעָתִ֗י לְפָנָ֤יו תָּב֬וֹא בְאָזְנָֽיו׃ | And my cry for help before him comes into his ears. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that YHWH will always hear him. | YHWH will be reminded how YHWH characteristically hears David when he cries out. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to protecting him and delivering him from danger. | David wants YHWH to continue to hear him and respond to him whenever he cries out. | |||||
| 8 | וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ | And the earth quivered and quaked. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting what happens when YHWH gets angry. | Depicting YHWH's victory against enemies and his rescue. | Depicting YHWH's victory against enemies and his rescue and thereby demonstrating YHWH's loyalty to David. | YHWH will remember his anger at David's enemies. | YHWH will continue to feel continue to feel anger at his enemies in the future. | YHWH will continue to become angry at David's and YHWH's enemies in the future. | ||
| וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ | And the mountains' foundations began to shake. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting what happens when YHWH gets angry. | YHWH will remember his anger at David's enemies. | YHWH will continue to feel continue to feel anger at his enemies in the future. | YHWH will continue to become angry at David's and YHWH's enemies in the future. | |||||
| וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ | And they trembled. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting what happens when YHWH gets angry. | YHWH will remember his anger at David's enemies. | YHWH will continue to feel continue to feel anger at his enemies in the future. | YHWH will continue to become angry at David's and YHWH's enemies in the future. | |||||
| כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃ | For he had become angry. | |||||||||||
| 9 | עָ֘לָ֤ה עָשָׁ֨ן ׀ בְּאַפּ֗וֹ | Smoke went up because of his snarl. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing what it looks like for YHWH to become angry. | YHWH will remember his anger at David's enemies. | YHWH will continue to feel continue to feel anger at his enemies in the future. | YHWH will continue to become angry at David's and YHWH's enemies in the future. | ||||
| וְאֵשׁ־מִפִּ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל | And a fire from his mouth began to consume. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing what it looks like for YHWH to become angry. | YHWH will remember his anger at David's enemies. | YHWH will continue to feel continue to feel anger at his enemies in the future. | YHWH will continue to become angry at David's and YHWH's enemies in the future. | |||||
| גֶּ֝חָלִ֗ים בָּעֲר֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | Coals burned from him. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing what it looks like for YHWH to become angry. | YHWH will remember his anger at David's enemies. | YHWH will continue to feel continue to feel anger at his enemies in the future. | YHWH will continue to become angry at David's and YHWH's enemies in the future. | |||||
| 10 | וַיֵּ֣ט שָׁ֭מַיִם | And he bent down the heavens | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH prepared to come down from his heavenly abode. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| וַיֵּרַ֑ד | and descended. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH prepared to come down from his heavenly abode. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗ל תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃ | And a dark smog was beneath his feet. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing YHWH's appearance as he came to the rescue. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| 11 | וַיִּרְכַּ֣ב עַל־כְּ֭רוּב | And he mounted a Cherub | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH began to descend out of the heavens. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| וַיָּעֹ֑ף | and began to fly. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH began to descend out of the heavens. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| וַ֝יֵּ֗דֶא עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ | And he flew swiftly upon the wings of the wind. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH began to descend out of the heavens. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| 12 | יָ֤שֶׁת חֹ֨שֶׁךְ ׀ סִתְר֗וֹ | He made darkness his cover. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing YHWH's terrifying appearance in a storm. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֥יו סֻכָּת֑וֹ *חֶשְׁרַת*־מַ֝֗יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃ | [He made darkness] his canopy around him, the sieve of water, thick clouds of the skies. | |||||||||||
| 13 | מִנֹּ֗גַהּ נֶ֫גְדּ֥וֹ *עָבְר֑וּ* בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ | Because of the brightness before him, hail and coals of fire passed. |
Declarative | Assertive | Describing YHWH's terrifying appearance in a storm. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| 14 | וַיַּרְעֵ֬ם בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה | And YHWH thundered in the heavens. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH appeared in a terrifying storm. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| וְ֭עֶלְיוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן קֹל֑וֹ ** | And the Most High began to raise his voice. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH appeared in a terrifying storm. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| 15 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חִ֭צָּיו | And he shot his arrows, | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH fought against his enemies. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם | and dispersed them. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH fought against his enemies. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| *וּבְרָקִ֥ים* | And [he shot his] glittering arrows, | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH fought against his enemies. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| וַיְהֻמֵּֽם׃ | and routed them. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how YHWH fought against his enemies. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| 16 | וַיֵּ֤רָא֨וּ ׀ אֲפִ֥יקֵי מַ֗יִם | And the ocean floor appeared. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how the waters fled after YHWH's attack | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| וַֽיִּגָּלוּ֮ מוֹסְד֪וֹת תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל מִגַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה מִ֝נִּשְׁמַ֗ת ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּֽךָ׃ | And the foundations of the world were revealed because of your rebuke, YHWH, because of the blast of the wind of your anger. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how the waters fled after YHWH's attack | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| 17 | יִשְׁלַ֣ח מִ֭מָּרוֹם | He stretched forth his hand from on high | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting the moment YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| יִקָּחֵ֑נִי | and took me. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting the moment YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| יַֽ֝מְשֵׁ֗נִי מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ | He pulled me out from many waters. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting the moment YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| 18 | יַצִּילֵ֗נִי מֵאֹיְבִ֥י עָ֑ז | He rescued me from my strong enemy. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting the moment YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| וּ֝מִשֹּׂנְאַ֗י | And [he rescued me] from those who hate me. | |||||||||||
| כִּֽי־אָמְצ֥וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | For they were too powerful for me. | |||||||||||
| 19 | יְקַדְּמ֥וּנִי בְיוֹם־אֵידִ֑י | They rushed upon me at the time of my calamity. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how his enemies attacked him. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| וַֽיְהִי־יְהוָ֖ה *מִשְׁעָ֣ן* לִֽי׃ | And YHWH was the one in whom I trusted. | Declarative | Assertive | Asserting that he trusted in YHWH amidst the distressing situation. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| 20 | וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב | And he brought me out into relief. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting YHWH's rescue. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel committed to rescuing him in the future. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | ||||
| יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי | He delivered me. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting YHWH's rescue. | YHWH will remember how YHWH rescued David. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him. | YHWH will continue to resolve to rescuing him in the future. | |||||
| כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃ | For he is pleased with me. | |||||||||||
| 21 | יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה כְּצִדְקִ֑י | YHWH deals well with me according to my righteousness. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence in YHWH's dealings. | Expressing confidence in his righteousness and purity before YHWH. | Expressing that YHWH will deal justly with him according to his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | ||
| כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י יָשִׁ֥יב לִֽי׃ | He repays me according to the cleanliness of my hands. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence in YHWH's dealings. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 22 | כִּֽי־שָׁ֭מַרְתִּי דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | For I have kept the ways of YHWH. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining YHWH's actions and intervention towards David. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | ||||
| וְלֹֽא־רָ֝שַׁ֗עְתִּי מֵאֱלֹהָֽי׃ | And I have not turned from my God towards wicked ways. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining YHWH's actions and intervention towards David. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 23 | כִּ֣י כָל־מִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו לְנֶגְדִּ֑י | For all of his rules are before me. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining YHWH's actions and intervention towards David. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | ||||
| וְ֝חֻקֹּתָ֗יו לֹא־אָסִ֥יר מֶֽנִּי׃ | And I will not turn his decrees away from me. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining YHWH's actions and intervention towards David. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 24 | וָאֱהִ֣י תָמִ֣ים עִמּ֑וֹ | And I have become blameless before him. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining YHWH's actions and intervention towards David. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | ||||
| וָ֝אֶשְׁתַּמֵּ֗ר מֵעֲוֺנִֽי׃ | And I have kept myself from committing iniquity. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining YHWH's actions and intervention towards David. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 25 | וַיָּֽשֶׁב־יְהוָ֣ה לִ֣י כְצִדְקִ֑י | And YHWH has repaid me according to my righteousness, | Declarative | Assertive | Reaffirming that YHWH repays David because of David's righteousness. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | ||||
| כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָֽיו׃ | according to the cleanliness of my hands before his eyes. | Declarative | Assertive | Reaffirming that YHWH repays David because of David's purity. | YHWH will continue to reckon David righteous and pure. | YHWH will continue to feel pleased with him on account of his righteousness. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 26 | עִם־חָסִ֥יד תִּתְחַסָּ֑ד | You act faithfully with a faithful person. | Declarative | Assertive | Celebrating that YHWH acts faithfully with a faithful person | Demonstrating that repaying David according to his righteousness is consistent with God's character. | YHWH will pay attention to this characteristic of YHWH. | YHWH will feel committed to acting with justice. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||
| עִם־גְּבַ֥ר תָּ֝מִ֗ים תִּתַּמָּֽם׃ | You act blamelessly with a blameless person. | Declarative | Assertive | Celebrating that YHWH acts blamelessly with someone who is blameless | YHWH will pay attention to this characteristic of YHWH. | YHWH will feel committed to acting with justice. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 27 | עִם־נָבָ֥ר תִּתְבָּרָ֑ר | You act with purity with one who purifies himself. | Declarative | Assertive | Celebrating that YHWH acts with purity with one who purifies himself. | YHWH will pay attention to this characteristic of YHWH. | YHWH will feel committed to acting with justice. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | ||||
| וְעִם־עִ֝קֵּ֗שׁ תִּתְפַּתָּֽל׃ | And with a twisted person you act wittily. | Declarative | Assertive | Celebrating that YHWH acts wittily with a twisted person. | YHWH will pay attention to this characteristic of YHWH. | YHWH will feel committed to acting with justice. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 28 | כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה עַם־עָנִ֣י תוֹשִׁ֑יעַ | For you save a humble people. | Declarative | Assertive | Exemplifying how YHWH acts reciprocally. | YHWH will pay attention to this characteristic of YHWH. | YHWH will feel committed to acting with justice. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | ||||
| וְעֵינַ֖יִם רָמ֣וֹת תַּשְׁפִּֽיל׃ | And you bring down eyes that look down on others. | Declarative | Assertive | Exemplifying how YHWH acts reciprocally. | YHWH will pay attention to this characteristic of YHWH. | YHWH will feel committed to acting with justice. | YHWH will continue to act justly with him. | |||||
| 29 | כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה תָּאִ֣יר נֵרִ֑י יְהוָ֥ה | For you light my lamp, YHWH. | Declarative | Assertive | Illustrating how YHWH acts with the righteous person. | YHWH will remember all the times YHWH saved his life. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to deliver him whenever he is in distress. | YHWH will resolve to continue to save his life in the future. | ||||
| אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י יַגִּ֥יהַּ חָשְׁכִּֽי׃ | My God gives light to my darkness. | Declarative | Assertive | Illustrating how YHWH acts with the righteous person. | YHWH will remember all the times YHWH saved his life. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to deliver him whenever he is in distress. | YHWH will resolve to continue to save his life in the future. | |||||
| 30 | כִּֽי־בְ֭ךָ *אָרִ֣ץ* גְּד֑וּד | For by you I can rout an army. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing amazement at the extent of the power YHWH gives him. | YHWH will remember how he always strengthens David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | ||||
| וּ֝בֵֽאלֹהַ֗י אֲדַלֶּג־שֽׁוּר׃ | And by my God I can scale a wall. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing amazement at the extent of the power YHWH gives him. | YHWH will remember how he always strengthens David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | |||||
| 31 | הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֪ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ | God—His way is perfect. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that God's ways are perfect. | Praising God for his incomparability | Depicting God giving strength and defeating enemies. |
YHWH will recognize David's devotion to him. | YHWH will feel pleased by David's praise. | YHWH will resolve to continue to protect him. | ||
| אִמְרַֽת־יְהוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה | The sayings of YHWH are true. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that the sayings of YHWH are true. | YHWH will recognize David's devotion to him. | YHWH will feel pleased by David's praise. | YHWH will resolve to continue to protect him. | |||||
| מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃ | He is a shield to all those who take refuge in him. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his confidence that YHWH protects those who take refuge in him. | YHWH will recognize David's devotion to him. | YHWH will feel pleased by David's praise. | YHWH will resolve to continue to protect him. | |||||
| 32 | כִּ֤י מִ֣י אֱ֭לוֹהַּ מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | For who is God besides YHWH? | Interrogative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that there is no God besides YHWH. | YHWH will recognize David's devotion to him. | YHWH will feel pleased by David's praise. | YHWH will resolve to continue to protect him. | ||||
| וּמִ֥י צ֝֗וּר זוּלָתִ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And who is a rock besides our God, | Interrogative | Expressive | Expressing certainty that only Israel's God can protect his people. | YHWH will recognize David's devotion to him. | YHWH will feel pleased by David's praise. | YHWH will resolve to continue to protect him. | |||||
| 33 | הָ֭אֵל הַמְאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חָ֑יִל | the God who arms me with strength | ||||||||||
| וַיִּתֵּ֖ן תָּמִ֣ים דַּרְכִּֽי׃ | and makes my endeavor secure? | |||||||||||
| 34 | מְשַׁוֶּ֣ה רַ֭גְלַי כָּאַיָּל֑וֹת | He makes my feet like those of deer. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining how YHWH arms David with strength. | Praising God for strengthening him and giving him victory over his enemies | YHWH will be reminded how he always strengthens David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | |||
| וְעַ֥ל בָּ֝מֹתַ֗י יַעֲמִידֵֽנִי׃ | And he causes me to stand upon my heights. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining how YHWH arms David with strength. | YHWH will be reminded how he always strengthens David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | |||||
| 35 | מְלַמֵּ֣ד יָ֭דַי לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה | He trains my hands for war. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining how YHWH arms David with strength. | YHWH will be reminded how he always strengthens David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | ||||
| וְֽ*נִחַ֥ת* קֶֽשֶׁת־נְ֝חוּשָׁ֗ה זְרוֹעֹתָֽי׃ | And he strengthens my arms with a bow of bronze. | Declarative | Assertive | Explaining how YHWH arms David with strength. | YHWH will be reminded how he always strengthens David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | |||||
| 36 | וַתִּתֶּן־לִי֮ מָגֵ֪ן יִ֫שְׁעֶ֥ךָ | And you give me the shield of your victory. | Declarative | Assertive | Re-affirming that YHWH gives protection. | YHWH will be reminded how he always protects David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to protect him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to protect him in the future. | ||||
| וִֽימִינְךָ֥ תִסְעָדֵ֑נִי | And your right hand supports me. | Declarative | Assertive | Asserting that God supports David by giving him strength. | YHWH will be reminded how he always protects David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | |||||
| וְֽ*עֶזְרָתְךָ֥* תַרְבֵּֽנִי׃ | And your help makes me great. | Declarative | Assertive | Asserting that God makes David great. | YHWH will be reminded how he always protects David. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to strengthen him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to strengthen him in the future. | |||||
| 37 | תַּרְחִ֣יב צַעֲדִ֣י תַחְתָּ֑י | You enlarged my steps underneath me. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how God equipped him with strength. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | ||||
| וְלֹ֥א מָ֝עֲד֗וּ קַרְסֻלָּֽי׃ | And my ankles did not falter. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how God equipped him with strength. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | |||||
| 38 | אֶרְדּ֣וֹף א֭וֹיְבַי | I chased my enemies | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how David defeated enemies. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | ||||
| וְאַשִּׂיגֵ֑ם | and I overtook them. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how David defeated enemies. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | |||||
| וְלֹֽא־אָ֝שׁוּב | And I would not relent | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how David defeated enemies. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | |||||
| עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ | until their destruction. | |||||||||||
| 39 | אֶ֭מְחָצֵם | I violently beat them, | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how David defeated enemies. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | ||||
| וְלֹא־יֻ֣כְלוּ ק֑וּם | and they could not stand. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how David defeated enemies. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | |||||
| יִ֝פְּל֗וּ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽי | They fell beneath my feet. | Declarative | Assertive | Recounting how David defeated enemies. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | |||||
| 40 | וַתְּאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חַ֭יִל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה | And so you armed me with strength for war. | Declarative | Assertive | Re-affirming that God equips David with strength. | YHWH will remember how he equipped David for battle. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | ||||
| תַּכְרִ֖יעַ קָמַ֣י תַּחְתָּֽי׃ | You make those who rise up against me kneel underneath me. | Declarative | Assertive | Asserting that YHWH makes those who rise up against David kneel before him. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continuing to equip him. | YHWH will resolve to continue to equip him in the future. | |||||
| 41 | וְֽאֹיְבַ֗י נָתַ֣תָּה לִּ֣י עֹ֑רֶף | And you have made my enemies retreat from me. | Declarative | Assertive | Asserting that YHWH has handed over David's enemies to him. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | ||||
| וּ֝מְשַׂנְאַ֗י אַצְמִיתֵֽם׃ | And as for those who hate me, I wipe them out. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing how YHWH always hands over David's enemies to him. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | |||||
| 42 | יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ | They cry out for help, | Declarative | Assertive | Describing what happens when the enemies cry out for help. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | ||||
| וְאֵין־מוֹשִׁ֑יעַ | and there is no rescuer. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing what happens when enemies cry out for help. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | |||||
| *אֶל*־יְ֝הוָ֗ה | [They cry out for help] to YHWH, | Declarative | Assertive | Describing what happens when enemies cry out for help. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | |||||
| וְלֹ֣א עָנָֽם׃ | and he has not answered them. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing what happens when enemies cry out for help. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | |||||
| 43 | וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם כְּעָפָ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־*אֹ֑֑רַח* | And I crush them like the dust on the road. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing how severely he defeats his enemies. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | ||||
| כְּטִ֖יט חוּצ֣וֹת *אֶרְקָעֵֽם*׃ | I beat them like the mud of the streets. | Declarative | Assertive | Describing how severely he defeats his enemies. | YHWH will be reminded how he has always given David victory over his enemies. | YHWH will feel committed to continue to give him victory over his enemies. | YHWH will resolve to give him victory in the future. | |||||
| 44 | תְּפַלְּטֵנִי֮ מֵרִ֪יבֵ֫י *עַםִ֥ים* | You will deliver me from people's indictments. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that YHWH will indeed deliver him from peoples' indictments. | Praising God for giving him dominion over all the earth. | Praising God for future strength and victory. | YHWH will consider how he has delivered him in the past. | YHWH will feel committed to delivering him in the future. | YHWH will deliver David from peoples' indictments in the future. | ||
| תְּ֭שִׂימֵנִי לְרֹ֣אשׁ גּוֹיִ֑ם | You will make me head of nations. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that YHWH will make him head of nations. | YHWH will consider how he has delivered him in the past. | YHWH will feel committed to delivering him in the future. | YHWH will make David head of nations. | |||||
| עַ֖ם לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי יַֽעַבְדֽוּנִי׃ | A people I do not know will serve me. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that a people he does not know will serve him. | YHWH will remember his covenant promises to him of universal kingship (cf. Psa. 2; 89:27). | YHWH will feel committed to delivering him in the future. | YHWH will make his deliverance so spectacular that people serve him willingly. | cf. v. 51 | ||||
| 45 | לְשֵׁ֣מַֽע אֹ֭זֶן יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ לִ֑י | As soon as they hear rumors of me they will show obedience to me. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that people will show obedience to him at mere rumors. | YHWH will remember his covenant promises to him of universal kingship (cf. Psa. 2; 89:27). | YHWH will feel committed to keeping his covenant promises. | YHWH will establish the universal dominion of his line. | ||||
| בְּנֵֽי־נֵ֝כָ֗ר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־לִֽי׃ | Foreigners will submit to me. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that foreigners will submit to him. | YHWH will remember his covenant promises to him of universal kingship (cf. Psa. 2; 89:27). | YHWH will feel committed to keeping his covenant promises. | YHWH will establish the universal dominion of his line. | |||||
| 46 | בְּנֵי־נֵכָ֥ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ | Foreigners will lose heart | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that foreigners will lose heart. | YHWH will remember his covenant promises to him of universal kingship (cf. Psa. 2; 89:27). | YHWH will feel committed to keeping his covenant promises. | YHWH will establish the universal dominion of his line. | ||||
| וְ֝יַחְרְג֗וּ מִֽמִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | and tremble from their fortresses. | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing his certainty that foreigners will come trembling out of their fortresses. | YHWH will remember his covenant promises to him of universal kingship (cf. Psa. 2; 89:27). | YHWH will feel committed to keeping his covenant promises. | YHWH will establish the universal dominion of his line. | |||||
| 47 | חַי־יְ֭הוָה | YHWH lives! | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing an elevated sense of joy at God's character. | Praising God for his continual protection of him and his line | YHWH will recognize how much David considers him to be worthy of worship. | YHWH will feel pleased by his statements of praise. | YHWH will accept his praise. | |||
| וּבָר֣וּךְ צוּרִ֑י | And my rock is blessed! | Declarative | Expressive | Expressing an elevated sense of joy at God's character. | YHWH will recognize how much David considers him to be worthy of worship. | YHWH will feel pleased by his statements of praise. | YHWH will accept his praise. | |||||
| וְ֝יָר֗וּם אֱלוֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃ | And the God of my rescue is exalted! | Declarative | Expressive Assertive |
Expressing an elevated sense of joy at God's character. Demonstrating God's character and the result of what happens when David cries out. |
YHWH will recognize how much David considers him to be worthy of worship. | YHWH will feel pleased by his statements of praise. | YHWH will accept his praise. | |||||
| 48 | הָאֵ֗ל הַנּוֹתֵ֣ן נְקָמ֣וֹת לִ֑י | God—who gives me vengeance, | ||||||||||
| וַיַּדְבֵּ֖ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽי׃ | and subdues peoples underneath me. | |||||||||||
| 49 | מְפַלְּטִ֗י מֵאֹ֫יְבָ֥י אַ֣ף מִן־קָ֭מַי תְּרוֹמְמֵ֑נִי | You who deliver me from my enemies will indeed exalt me over those who rise up against me. | Declarative | Assertive | Demonstrating God's character and the result of what happens when David cries out. | YHWH will recognize how much David considers him to be worthy of worship. | YHWH will feel pleased by his statements of praise. | YHWH will accept his praise. | ||||
| מֵאִ֥ישׁ חָ֝מָ֗ס תַּצִּילֵֽנִי׃ | You will rescue me from the violent man. | Declarative | Assertive | Demonstrating God's character and the result of what happens when David cries out. | YHWH will recognize how much David considers him to be worthy of worship. | YHWH will feel pleased by his statements of praise. | YHWH will accept his praise. | |||||
| 50 | עַל־כֵּ֤ן ׀ אוֹדְךָ֖ בַגּוֹיִ֥ם ׀ יְהוָ֑ה | Therefore I shall praise you among the nations, YHWH! | Declarative | Commissive | Committing himself to praise YHWH among the nations. | Committing himself to Praise YHWH among the nations. | YHWH will recognize how much David considers him to be worthy of worship. | YHWH will feel pleased by his statements of praise. | YHWH will accept his praise. | |||
| וּלְשִׁמְךָ֥ אֲזַמֵּֽרָה׃ | And I shall sing praise to your name, | Imperative | Commissive | Committing himself to sing praise to YHWH's name. | YHWH will recognize how much David considers him to be worthy of worship. | YHWH will feel pleased by his statements of praise. | YHWH will accept his praise. | |||||
| 51 | מַגְדִּיל֮ יְשׁוּע֪וֹת מַ֫לְכּ֥וֹ | you who makes the deliverance of his king spectacular, | ||||||||||
| וְעֹ֤שֶׂה חֶ֨סֶד ׀ לִמְשִׁיח֗וֹ לְדָוִ֥ד וּלְזַרְע֗וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | and performs acts of loyalty for his anointed one, for David, and for his seed, forever.” | |||||||||||