Psalm 18 Emotional
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YHWH fights my battles
Psalm 18
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Emotional Analysis
This layer explores the emotional dimension of the biblical text and seeks to uncover the clues within the text itself that are part of the communicative intent of its author. The goal of this analysis is to chart the basic emotional tone and/or progression of the psalm.
For a detailed explanation of our method, see the Emotional Analysis Creator Guidelines.
Emotional Analysis Chart
If an emendation or revocalization is preferred, that emendation or revocalization will be marked in the Hebrew text of all the visuals.
| Emendations/Revocalizations legend | |
|---|---|
| *Emended text* | Emended text, text in which the consonants differ from the consonants of the Masoretic text, is indicated by blue asterisks on either side of the emendation. |
| *Revocalized text* | Revocalized text, text in which only the vowels differ from the vowels of the Masoretic text, is indicated by purple asterisks on either side of the revocalization. |
| Verse | Text (Hebrew) | Text (CBC) | Proposition (Emotional Analysis) | The Psalmist Feels | Emotional Analysis Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ | For the director | |||
| לְעֶ֥בֶד יְהוָ֗ה | By YHWH's servant, | ||||
| לְדָ֫וִ֥ד | David, | ||||
| אֲשֶׁ֤ר דִּבֶּ֨ר ׀ לַיהוָ֗ה אֶת־דִּ֭בְרֵי הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את | who recited the words of this song to YHWH | ||||
| בְּי֤וֹם הִֽצִּיל־יְהוָ֘ה אוֹת֥וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל־אֹ֝יְבָ֗יו וּמִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל׃ | when YHWH had rescued him from the palm of all his enemies and from the hand of Saul. | ||||
| 2 | וַיֹּאמַ֡ר | And he said, | |||
| אֶרְחָמְךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה חִזְקִֽי׃ | “I shall keep loving you, YHWH, my strength. | David loves YHWH | The psalmist is confident that YHWH will continue to give him strength. | ||
| 3 | יְהוָ֤ה ׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י | YHWH is my cleft and my fortress and my rescuer. | YHWH protects David. | The psalmist is confident that YHWH will continue to be his cleft, fortress and rescuer. | |
| אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־בּ֑וֹ מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּי *וּמְנוּסִי מֹשִׁעִי מֵחָמָס תֹּשִׁעֵנִי׃* | My God is my rock, in him do I seek protection, my shield and horn of my deliverance, my fortified tower and my refuge, my deliverer, who delivers me from violence. | YHWH protects David. | David is confident that YHWH will continue to be his rock, shield, horn of salvation, fortified tower, and deliverer who delivers him from violence. | ||
| 4 | מְ֭הֻלָּל אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֑ה | I cry out to YHWH, since he is praiseworthy, | David cries out to YHWH. | David is confident since YHWH delivers him from all his enemies. | |
| וּמִן־אֹ֝יְבַ֗י אִוָּשֵֽׁעַ׃ | and I am delivered from my enemies. | YHWH delivers David. | David is confident since YHWH delivers him from all his enemies. | ||
| 5 | אֲפָפ֥וּנִי *מִשְׁבְּרֵי*־מָ֑וֶת | The breaker waves of Death surrounded me. | Enemies surround David. | David feels distressed as he recalls how his enemies surrounded him as if Death itself had sent them in the form of breaker waves. | |
| וְֽנַחֲלֵ֖י בְלִיַּ֣עַל יְבַֽעֲתֽוּנִי׃ | And the torrents of No Return began to overwhelm me. | Enemies begin to overwhelm David. | David feels distressed as he recalls how his enemies surrounded him as if a torrent was pulling him down to Belliya'al. | ||
| 6 | חֶבְלֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל סְבָב֑וּנִי | The cords of the World of the Dead entangled me. | Enemies surround David. | David feels distressed as he recalls how his enemies surrounded him as if a hunter wrapped him with cords like a prey. | |
| קִ֝דְּמ֗וּנִי מ֣וֹקְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת׃ | Death's traps rushed upon me. | Enemies rush upon David. | David feels distressed as he recalls how his enemies surrounded him as if a hunter's trap had sprung up and caught him. | ||
| 7 | בַּצַּר־לִ֤י ׀ אֶֽקְרָ֣א יְהוָה֮ | In my distress I cry out to YHWH. | David cries out to YHWH. | David feels confident because he can always cry out to YHWH in distress. | |
| וְאֶל־אֱלֹהַ֪י אֲשַׁ֫וֵּ֥עַ | And to my God do I cry for help. | David cries to David's God for help. | David feels confident because YHWH always answers when he cries out in distress. | ||
| יִשְׁמַ֣ע מֵהֵיכָל֣וֹ קוֹלִ֑י | He hears my cry from his temple. | YHWH hears David's cry. | David feels relieved because YHWH always answers when he cries out in distress. | ||
| וְ֝שַׁוְעָתִ֗י לְפָנָ֤יו תָּב֬וֹא בְאָזְנָֽיו׃ | And my cry for help before him comes into his ears. | David's cry comes into YHWH's ears | David feels relieved because YHWH always answers when he cries out in distress. | ||
| 8 | וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ וַתִּרְעַ֨שׁ ׀ הָאָ֗רֶץ | And the earth quivered and quaked. | The earth quivers and quakes. | David is filled with awe at the great display of God's anger. | |
| וּמוֹסְדֵ֣י הָרִ֣ים יִרְגָּ֑זוּ | And the mountains' foundations began to shake. | The mountains' foundations shake and tremble. | David is filled with awe at the great display of God's anger. | ||
| וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ | And they trembled. | The mountains' foundations tremble. | David is filled with awe at the great display of God's anger. | ||
| כִּי־חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ׃ | For he had become angry. | YHWH is angry. | |||
| 9 | עָ֘לָ֤ה עָשָׁ֨ן ׀ בְּאַפּ֗וֹ | Smoke went up because of his snarl. | Smoke goes up. | David is filled with awe at the great display of God's anger. | |
| וְאֵשׁ־מִפִּ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל | And a fire from his mouth began to consume. | A fire consumes. | David is filled with awe at the great display of God's anger. | ||
| גֶּ֝חָלִ֗ים בָּעֲר֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ | Coals burned from him. | Coals burn. | David is filled with awe at the great display of God's anger. | ||
| 10 | וַיֵּ֣ט שָׁ֭מַיִם | And he bent down the heavens | YHWH bends down the heavens. | David is confident as he recalls how YHWH is moved to cosmic action on his behalf. | |
| וַיֵּרַ֑ד | and descended. | YHWH descends. | David is confident as he recalls how YHWH is moved to cosmic action on his behalf. | ||
| וַ֝עֲרָפֶ֗ל תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃ | And a dark smog was beneath his feet. | There is a dark smog beneath YHWH's feet. | David is confident as he recalls how YHWH is moved to cosmic action on his behalf. | ||
| 11 | וַיִּרְכַּ֣ב עַל־כְּ֭רוּב | And he mounted a Cherub | YHWH mounts a Cherub. | David is confident as he recalls how YHWH came to his rescue. | |
| וַיָּעֹ֑ף | and began to fly. | YHWH flies. | David is confident as he recalls how YHWH came to his rescue. | ||
| וַ֝יֵּ֗דֶא עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃ | And he flew swiftly upon the wings of the wind. | YHWH flies swiftly. | David is confident as he recalls how the one who can fly on the wings of the wind came to his rescue. | ||
| 12 | יָ֤שֶׁת חֹ֨שֶׁךְ ׀ סִתְר֗וֹ | He made darkness his cover. | YHWH makes darkness his covering. | David is in awe as he describes YHWH's appearance in a thunderstorm. | |
| סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֥יו סֻכָּת֑וֹ *חֶשְׁרַת*־מַ֝֗יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃ | [He made darkness] his canopy around him, the sieve of water, thick clouds of the skies. | ||||
| 13 | מִנֹּ֗גַהּ נֶ֫גְדּ֥וֹ *עָבְר֑וּ* בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃ | Because of the brightness before him, hail and coals of fire passed. | Hail and coals of fire pass. | David is in awe as he describes YHWH's appearance in a thunderstorm. | |
| 14 | וַיַּרְעֵ֬ם בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה | And YHWH thundered in the heavens. | YHWH thunders. | David is in awe as he describes YHWH's appearance in a thunderstorm. | |
| וְ֭עֶלְיוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן קֹל֑וֹ ** | And the Most High began to raise his voice. | The Most High raises his voice. | David is in awe as he describes YHWH's appearance in a thunderstorm. | ||
| 15 | וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח חִ֭צָּיו | And he shot his arrows, | YHWH shoots his arrows. | David is in awe and feels triumphant as he recounts how YHWH fought from heaven with his lightning. | |
| וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם | and dispersed them. | YHWH disperses the waves, the torrents, the cords and the traps. | David is in awe and feels triumphant as he recounts how YHWH fought from heaven with his lightning. | ||
| *וּבְרָקִ֥ים* | And [he shot his] glittering arrows, | YHWH shoots his arrows. | David is in awe and feels triumphant as he recounts how YHWH fought from heaven with his lightning. | ||
| וַיְהֻמֵּֽם׃ | and routed them. | YHWH routs the waves, the torrents, the cords and the traps. | David is in awe and feels triumphant as he recounts how YHWH fought from heaven with his lightning. | ||
| 16 | וַיֵּ֤רָא֨וּ ׀ אֲפִ֥יקֵי מַ֗יִם | And the ocean floor appeared. | The ocean floor appears. | David is in awe and feels triumphant as he recounts how YHWH defeated the primordial waters of chaos. | |
| וַֽיִּגָּלוּ֮ מוֹסְד֪וֹת תֵּ֫בֵ֥ל מִגַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ֣ יְהוָ֑ה מִ֝נִּשְׁמַ֗ת ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּֽךָ׃ | And the foundations of the world were revealed because of your rebuke, YHWH, because of the blast of the wind of your anger. | The foundations of the world are revealed. | David is in awe and feels triumphant as he recounts how YHWH defeated the primordial waters of chaos. | ||
| 17 | יִשְׁלַ֣ח מִ֭מָּרוֹם | He stretched forth his hand from on high | YHWH stretches forth his hand. | David is relieved and thankful to have his life saved. | |
| יִקָּחֵ֑נִי | and took me. | YHWH takes David. | David is relieved and thankful to have his life saved. | ||
| יַֽ֝מְשֵׁ֗נִי מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים׃ | He pulled me out from many waters. | YHWH pulls David out. | David is relieved and thankful to have his life saved. | ||
| 18 | יַצִּילֵ֗נִי מֵאֹיְבִ֥י עָ֑ז | He rescued me from my strong enemy. | YHWH rescues David. | David is relieved to have his life saved from those who were too powerful for him. | |
| וּ֝מִשֹּׂנְאַ֗י | And [he rescued me] from those who hate me. | ||||
| כִּֽי־אָמְצ֥וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ | For they were too powerful for me. | David's enemies are powerful. | |||
| 19 | יְקַדְּמ֥וּנִי בְיוֹם־אֵידִ֑י | They rushed upon me at the time of my calamity. | David's enemies rush upon him. | David is confident that the one in whom he trusts rescues him. | |
| וַֽיְהִי־יְהוָ֖ה *מִשְׁעָ֣ן* לִֽי׃ | And YHWH was the one in whom I trusted. | YHWH is the one in whom David trusts. | |||
| 20 | וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב | And he brought me out into relief. | YHWH brings David out. | David feels relief as he recounts how YHWH delivered him. | |
| יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי | He delivered me. | YHWH delivers David. | David feels relief as he recounts how YHWH delivered him. | ||
| כִּ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃ | For he is pleased with me. | YHWH is pleased with David. | |||
| 21 | יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה כְּצִדְקִ֑י | YHWH deals well with me according to my righteousness. | YHWH deals well with David. | David feels confident because of his righteousness and purity. | |
| כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י יָשִׁ֥יב לִֽי׃ | He repays me according to the cleanliness of my hands. | YHWH repays David. | David feels confident because of his righteousness and purity. | ||
| 22 | כִּֽי־שָׁ֭מַרְתִּי דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | For I have kept the ways of YHWH. | David keeps the ways of YHWH. | David feels confident because he has kept the ways of the YHWH. | |
| וְלֹֽא־רָ֝שַׁ֗עְתִּי מֵאֱלֹהָֽי׃ | And I have not turned from my God towards wicked ways. | David turns towards wicked ways. | David feels confident because he has not acted wickedly. | ||
| 23 | כִּ֣י כָל־מִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו לְנֶגְדִּ֑י | For all of his rules are before me. | All of YHWH's rules are before David. | David feels confident because all of YHWH's rules are before David. | |
| וְ֝חֻקֹּתָ֗יו לֹא־אָסִ֥יר מֶֽנִּי׃ | And I will not turn his decrees away from me. | David turns YHWH's decrees away. | David feels confident because he has not turned away YHWH's decrees. | ||
| 24 | וָאֱהִ֣י תָמִ֣ים עִמּ֑וֹ | And I have become blameless before him. | David is blameless. | David feels confident he is blameless. | |
| וָ֝אֶשְׁתַּמֵּ֗ר מֵעֲוֺנִֽי׃ | And I have kept myself from committing iniquity. | David guards himself. | David feels confident he has kept himself from iniquity. | ||
| 25 | וַיָּֽשֶׁב־יְהוָ֣ה לִ֣י כְצִדְקִ֑י | And YHWH has repaid me according to my righteousness, | YHWH repays David. | David feels confident after being repaid for his righteousness. | |
| כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינָֽיו׃ | according to the cleanliness of my hands before his eyes. | YHWH repays David. | David feels confident after being repaid for his purity. | ||
| 26 | עִם־חָסִ֥יד תִּתְחַסָּ֑ד | You act faithfully with a faithful person. | YHWH acts faithfully. | David feels confident because he himself is faithful. | |
| עִם־גְּבַ֥ר תָּ֝מִ֗ים תִּתַּמָּֽם׃ | You act blamelessly with a blameless person. | YHWH acts blamelessly. | David feels confident because he himself is blameless. | ||
| 27 | עִם־נָבָ֥ר תִּתְבָּרָ֑ר | You act with purity with one who purifies himself. | YHWH acts with purity. | David feels confident because he regularly purifies himself. | |
| וְעִם־עִ֝קֵּ֗שׁ תִּתְפַּתָּֽל׃ | And with a twisted person you act wittily. | YHWH acts wittily. | David feels a sense of well-being that the wicked cannot outwit YHWH. | ||
| 28 | כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה עַם־עָנִ֣י תוֹשִׁ֑יעַ | For you save a humble people. | YHWH saves a humble people. | David feels a sense of well-being since he is humble. | |
| וְעֵינַ֖יִם רָמ֣וֹת תַּשְׁפִּֽיל׃ | And you bring down eyes that look down on others. | YHWH brings down eyes that look down on others. | David feels a sense of well-being that arrogant people will be brought to justice. | ||
| 29 | כִּֽי־אַ֭תָּה תָּאִ֣יר נֵרִ֑י יְהוָ֥ה | For you light my lamp, YHWH. | YHWH saves David's life. | David feels thankful that YHWH always saves his life. | |
| אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י יַגִּ֥יהַּ חָשְׁכִּֽי׃ | My God gives light to my darkness. | YHWH gives light to David's darkness. | David feels thankful that YHWH always saves his life. | ||
| 30 | כִּֽי־בְ֭ךָ *אָרִ֣ץ* גְּד֑וּד | For by you I can rout an army. | David routes an army. | David feels amazed at how much YHWH strengthens him. | |
| וּ֝בֵֽאלֹהַ֗י אֲדַלֶּג־שֽׁוּר׃ | And by my God I can scale a wall. | David scales a wall. | David feels amazed at how much YHWH strengthens him. | ||
| 31 | הָאֵל֮ תָּמִ֪ים דַּ֫רְכּ֥וֹ | God—His way is perfect. | God's way is perfect. | David feels confident in God's ways. | |
| אִמְרַֽת־יְהוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה | The sayings of YHWH are true. | The sayings of YHWH are true. | David feels confident in God's sayings. | ||
| מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא לְכֹ֤ל ׀ הַחֹסִ֬ים בּֽוֹ׃ | He is a shield to all those who take refuge in him. | YHWH protects those who take refuge in him. | David feels confident in God's protection. | ||
| 32 | כִּ֤י מִ֣י אֱ֭לוֹהַּ מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה | For who is God besides YHWH? | YHWH is God. | David feels convinced that only YHWH is God. | The emotion “convinced” here tries to account for the certainty implicit in the rhetorical questions. |
| וּמִ֥י צ֝֗וּר זוּלָתִ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ | And who is a rock besides our God, | Israel's God protects. | David feels convinced that only YHWH can protect his people. | ||
| 33 | הָ֭אֵל הַמְאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חָ֑יִל | the God who arms me with strength | God arms David with strength. | ||
| וַיִּתֵּ֖ן תָּמִ֣ים דַּרְכִּֽי׃ | and makes my endeavor secure? | YHWH makes David successful. | |||
| 34 | מְשַׁוֶּ֣ה רַ֭גְלַי כָּאַיָּל֑וֹת | He makes my feet like those of deer. | YHWH makes David sure-footed. | David feels triumphant because of his God-given strength. | |
| וְעַ֥ל בָּ֝מֹתַ֗י יַעֲמִידֵֽנִי׃ | And he causes me to stand upon my heights. | YHWH gives David victory. | David feels triumphant because of his God-given strength. | ||
| 35 | מְלַמֵּ֣ד יָ֭דַי לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה | He trains my hands for war. | YHWH trains David. | David feels triumphant because of his God-given strength. | |
| וְֽ*נִחַ֥ת* קֶֽשֶׁת־נְ֝חוּשָׁ֗ה זְרוֹעֹתָֽי׃ | And he strengthens my arms with a bow of bronze. | YHWH strengthens David. | David feels triumphant because of his God-given strength. | ||
| 36 | וַתִּתֶּן־לִי֮ מָגֵ֪ן יִ֫שְׁעֶ֥ךָ | And you give me the shield of your victory. | YHWH gives David protection. | David feels secure since God is his shield. | |
| וִֽימִינְךָ֥ תִסְעָדֵ֑נִי | And your right hand supports me. | YHWH supports David. | David feels triumphant since he is supported by God's very own power. | ||
| וְֽ*עֶזְרָתְךָ֥* תַרְבֵּֽנִי׃ | And your help makes me great. | YHWH makes David great. | David feels triumphant since God makes him great. | ||
| 37 | תַּרְחִ֣יב צַעֲדִ֣י תַחְתָּ֑י | You enlarged my steps underneath me. | YHWH makes David run fast. | David feels triumphant that God empowers him and keeps him from falling. | |
| וְלֹ֥א מָ֝עֲד֗וּ קַרְסֻלָּֽי׃ | And my ankles did not falter. | David's ankles do not falter. | David feels triumphant that God empowers him and keeps him from falling. | ||
| 38 | אֶרְדּ֣וֹף א֭וֹיְבַי | I chased my enemies | David chases his enemies. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | |
| וְאַשִּׂיגֵ֑ם | and I overtook them. | David overtakes his enemies. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| וְלֹֽא־אָ֝שׁוּב | And I would not relent | David relents. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| עַד־כַּלּוֹתָֽם׃ | until their destruction. | the enemies are destroyed. | |||
| 39 | אֶ֭מְחָצֵם | I violently beat them, | David violently beats his enemies. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | There is a hint of mockery at the pathetic strength of the enemies compared to his own. |
| וְלֹא־יֻ֣כְלוּ ק֑וּם | and they could not stand. | The enemies stand. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| יִ֝פְּל֗וּ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָֽי | They fell beneath my feet. | The enemies fall. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| 40 | וַתְּאַזְּרֵ֣נִי חַ֭יִל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה | And so you armed me with strength for war. | YHWH arms David with strength. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | |
| תַּכְרִ֖יעַ קָמַ֣י תַּחְתָּֽי׃ | You make those who rise up against me kneel underneath me. | YHWH makes those who rise up against David kneel. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| 41 | וְֽאֹיְבַ֗י נָתַ֣תָּה לִּ֣י עֹ֑רֶף | And you have made my enemies retreat from me. | YHWH makes David's enemies retreat form David. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | |
| וּ֝מְשַׂנְאַ֗י אַצְמִיתֵֽם׃ | And as for those who hate me, I wipe them out. | David wipes out those who hate him. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| 42 | יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ | They cry out for help, | The enemies cry out for help. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | There is a hint of mockery at the pathetic strength of the enemies compared to his own. |
| וְאֵין־מוֹשִׁ֑יעַ | and there is no rescuer. | There is someone to rescue the enemies. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| *אֶל*־יְ֝הוָ֗ה | [They cry out for help] to YHWH, | The enemies cry out for help. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| וְלֹ֣א עָנָֽם׃ | and he has not answered them. | YHWH answers the enemies. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| 43 | וְֽאֶשְׁחָקֵ֗ם כְּעָפָ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵי־*אֹ֑֑רַח* | And I crush them like the dust on the road. | David crushes the enemies. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | |
| כְּטִ֖יט חוּצ֣וֹת *אֶרְקָעֵֽם*׃ | I beat them like the mud of the streets. | David beats the enemies. | David feels triumphant after defeating his enemies. | ||
| 44 | תְּפַלְּטֵנִי֮ מֵרִ֪יבֵ֫י *עַםִ֥ים* | You will deliver me from people's indictments. | YHWH delivers David. | David feels confident that YHWH will exalt him. | |
| תְּ֭שִׂימֵנִי לְרֹ֣אשׁ גּוֹיִ֑ם | You will make me head of nations. | YHWH makes David head of nations. | David feels confident that YHWH will exalt him. | ||
| עַ֖ם לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי יַֽעַבְדֽוּנִי׃ | A people I do not know will serve me. | A people that David does not know serve him. | David feels confident that YHWH will exalt him such that foreign nations serve him. | ||
| 45 | לְשֵׁ֣מַֽע אֹ֭זֶן יִשָּׁ֣מְעוּ לִ֑י | As soon as they hear rumors of me they will show obedience to me. | People show obedience to David. | David feels confident that YHWH will exalt him such that foreign nations serve him. | |
| בְּנֵֽי־נֵ֝כָ֗ר יְכַחֲשׁוּ־לִֽי׃ | Foreigners will submit to me. | Foreigners submit to David. | David feels confident that YHWH will exalt him such that foreign nations serve him. | ||
| 46 | בְּנֵי־נֵכָ֥ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ | Foreigners will lose heart | Foreigners lose heart. | David feels confident that YHWH will exalt him such that foreign nations serve him. | |
| וְ֝יַחְרְג֗וּ מִֽמִּסְגְּרֽוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃ | and tremble from their fortresses. | Foreigners tremble. | David feels confident that YHWH will exalt him such that foreign nations serve him. | ||
| 47 | חַי־יְ֭הוָה | YHWH lives! | YHWH lives. | David is full of joy that his God is a living god worthy of worship. | Throughout the Psalms, joy is often the accompanying emotion of praise (e.g., Psa 43:4; 68:3; 100:2) |
| וּבָר֣וּךְ צוּרִ֑י | And my rock is blessed! | YHWH is blessed. | David is full of joy that his God is a living god worthy of worship. | ||
| וְ֝יָר֗וּם אֱלוֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי׃ | And the God of my rescue is exalted! | The God of David's rescue is exalted | David is full of joy that his God is a God who avenges. | ||
| 48 | הָאֵ֗ל הַנּוֹתֵ֣ן נְקָמ֣וֹת לִ֑י | God—who gives me vengeance, | YHWH gives vengeance. | ||
| וַיַּדְבֵּ֖ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתָּֽי׃ | and subdues peoples underneath me. | YHWH subdues people. | |||
| 49 | מְפַלְּטִ֗י מֵאֹ֫יְבָ֥י אַ֣ף מִן־קָ֭מַי תְּרוֹמְמֵ֑נִי | You who deliver me from my enemies will indeed exalt me over those who rise up against me. | YHWH delivers David. | David is full of joy that his God delivers him from his enemies. | |
| מֵאִ֥ישׁ חָ֝מָ֗ס תַּצִּילֵֽנִי׃ | You will rescue me from the violent man. | YHWH rescues David. | David is full of joy that his God rescues him from the violent man. | ||
| 50 | עַל־כֵּ֤ן ׀ אוֹדְךָ֖ בַגּוֹיִ֥ם ׀ יְהוָ֑ה | Therefore I shall praise you among the nations, YHWH! | David praises YHWH. | David is full of joy as he praises God. | |
| וּלְשִׁמְךָ֥ אֲזַמֵּֽרָה׃ | And I shall sing praise to your name, | David sings praise. | David is full of joy as he praises God. | ||
| 51 | מַגְדִּיל֮ יְשׁוּע֪וֹת מַ֫לְכּ֥וֹ | you who makes the deliverance of his king spectacular, | YHWH makes the deliverance of his king spectacular | ||
| וְעֹ֤שֶׂה חֶ֨סֶד ׀ לִמְשִׁיח֗וֹ לְדָוִ֥ד וּלְזַרְע֗וֹ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃ | and performs acts of loyalty for his anointed one, for David, and for his seed, forever.” | YHWH performs acts of loyalty for David. |
Summary Visual
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